The first step in making software development easier and more efficient was the creation of Assembly languages. The second-generation languages, or 2GL : These languages, however must ultimately be translated into machine language before the computer can understand and use them. To make programming simpler, other easier-to-use programming languages have been developed. As a result, programmers were few in numbers and lacked complexity. Programmers had to know a great deal about the computer’s design and how it functioned.
Since the programmer must specify every detail of an operation, a low-level language requires that the programmer have detailed knowledge of how the computer works. Use of machine language is very tedious, difficult and time consuming method of programming. Machine language programs have the advantage of very fast execution speeds and efficient use of primary memory. In the computer’s first generation, programmers had to use machine language because no other option was available. For this reason, machine language is said to be machine-dependent (also called hardware-dependent). Each type or family of processor requires its own machine language. There is not, however, one universal machine language because the language must be written in accordance with the special characteristics of a given processor. It is a language made up of entirely 1s and 0s. Machine language is the only programming language that the computer can understand directly without translation.
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